Muhsin Araki (author)

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Ayatollah Muhsin Araki
Personal Information
Full NameMuhsin Muhammadi ‘Iraqi
Well-Known AsMuhsin Araki
Religious AffiliationTwelver Shi'a
Birth1955
Place of BirthNajaf, Iraq
ResidenceQom, Iran
Scholarly Information
Hawza StudiesIjtihad
Academic StudiesPhD in Comparative Philosophy
Professors al-Khoei • al-Sadr • Quchani • Mutahhari • Tabrizi • Ha'iri • Wahid Khurasani • Jawadi Amuli • Misbah Yazdi
Permission for
Ijtihad From		Ayatollah Muhammad Fadil Lankarani • Ayatollah Muhammad Mu'min Qummi
WorksFiqh-e Nizam-e Siyasi-ye Islam • Nigahi be Risalat wa Imamat • Nazariyah al-Hukm fi al-eslam • Al-Wilayyah al-elahiyah wa Wilayah al-Faqih • Hiwar fi al-Imamah
Socio-Political Activities
Socio-Political
Activities		Shari'a ruler of Khuzestan • Imam Khomeini's representative and Imam of Friday Prayer in Dezful • representative of the Wali al-Faqih in Britain • member of the Supreme Council of the Ahl al-Bayt World Assembly • member of the board of trustees of al-Mustafa (s) International University
Official Websitehttp://mohsenaraki.ir

Muhsin Muḥammadi ‘Irāqi (Persian: محسن محمدی عراقی) renowned by Ayatollah Muhsin Araki (b. 1955 in Najaf, Iraq) is a mujtahid in Islamic sciences, a teacher of fiqh (jurisprudence) and principles of fiqh (usul al-fiqh) in the seminary of Qom, a member of the Assembly of Experts of the Leadership, member of management committee of Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom, and former Secretary General of the World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought.

Apart from teaching subjects of fiqh and principles of fiqh in advanced levels, he has theorized and authored scholarly and religious works that include: Usul-e Fiqh-e Nuvin (the principles of modern jurisprudence), Kitab al-Khums (the book of khums), Nazariyyah al-Hukm fi al-Islam (theory of governance in Islam), Fiqh-e Nizam-e Siyasi-ye Islam (jurisprudence of the Islamic political system), and Fiqh-e Nizam-e Iqtisadi-ye Islam (jurisprudence of the Islamic economic system).

The theory of "Fiqh al-Nizam" (jurisprudence of system) and the new science of the "Mantiq al-Dalalah" (logic of inference) are among areas he has theorized upon.

To his credit one can cite several activities. Among these one may mention fighting against the Pahlavi regime in Iran and the Ba'athist regime in Iraq. He also has served in numerous positions including: Shari'a ruler of Khuzestan (a province in the southwest of Iran), Imam Khomeini's representative and Imam of Friday Prayer in Dezful (a city in Khuzestan's province), representative of the Wali al-Faqih in Britain, member of the Supreme Council of the Ahl al-Bayt World Assembly, member of the board of trustees of al-Mustafa International University. He has also served as the president of the Board of Trustees of Majma' al-Fikr al-Islami, president of the Usul al-Din University and founding several academic, educational, cultural and charitable institutions and foundations around the world.[1]

He is the founder and head of the Center for Research and Education on Imamah and Wilayah. Also, the Online Encyclopedia of Imamah and Wilayah is being engineered under his supervision.

Family Background and Birth

He was born in 1954 in Najaf. His father Ayatollah Habibullah Araki was a native from the area of Kerahroud in Arak in central Iran and was a renowned teacher and jurist in the seminary of Najaf. From his mother's side, he is related to Ayatollah Safar Ali Araki who was originally from Feyjan in Arak.[2]

Education

He acquired his early education through the help of his parents. He then entered the Muntada al-Nashr School ran under the supervision of Ayatollah Muhammad Rida al-Muzaffar and continued his studies there up to Middle school. In the seminary of Najaf he studied the elementary and intermediate levels between 1968 to 1974. For the next year, he pursued his studies in advanced level (bahth al-kharij) in Najaf.

He entered the seminary of Qom in 1975 and continued his studies in advanced level until 1993. He received a doctorate in comparative philosophy from the University of Portsmouth in 2012. His doctoral thesis on Causality and Freedom in Contemporary Islamic and Western Philosophy was defended in the same year.

Teachers and Permission of Ijtihad

Permission of Ijtihad recognized by Ayatollah Muhammad Fadil Lankarani

Ayatollah Araki completed his early Hawza studies with the following great scholars:

In advanced level, he benefited from:

His teachers in rational sciences ('ulum al-'aqli) include following scholars:

In 1995, he gained his permission for ijtihad [3] from Ayatollah Muhammad Fadil Lankarani and Ayatollah Muhammad Mu'min Qummi.[4]

Teaching at Hawza and University

He began teaching in elementary level of Hawza (called al-muqaddamat) in the seminary of Najaf. He taught courses like Arabic literature, fiqh (jurisprudence), and principles of fiqh (usul al-fiqh). From the beginning of his arrival in Qom, he taught subjects like: philosophy, theology (kalam), fiqh and principles of fiqh at the Shahid Haqqani Seminary and the Shahidayn Seminary. During his time in Khuzestan, he taught in the seminaries of Ahwaz and Dezful and also at Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz. During the beginning of his stay in England, he established the Imam Husayn Seminary in London, and devoted himself to teaching the lessons of fiqh and principles of fiqh as well as philosophy and tafsir (exegesis of the Qur'an) in Persian, Arabic and English.

Since 2005, he has been involved in teaching in advanced level (bahth al-kharij) in several subjects such as fiqh of ijtihad and imitation, principles of jurisprudence, jurisprudence of prayer, jurisprudence of khums, jurisprudence of the Islamic political system, jurisprudence of the Islamic economic system, jurisprudence of the cultural system, jurisprudence of urban design, jurisprudence of contracts.[5]

Works

Books

In Persian

In Arabic

In English

Published Articles and Interviews

In Persian

  • Mawaddat-e Ahl-e Bayt, Milak-e Wahdat-e Haqiqi-ye Jami'i-ye Islami (article)|Mawaddat-e Ahl-e Bayt, Milak-e Wahdat-e Haqiqi-ye Jami'i-ye Islami[7]
  • Huwiyyat-e Jam'i wa Naqsh-e Imam[8]
  • Wahdat-e Ijtima'i wa Jaygah-e Imam [9]
  • Islam wa 'Ilm al-Ijtima': Rabiti-ye Imam wa Jami'ih[10]
  • Mahdawiyyah wa Sunnatha-ye Rahbari dar Qur'an[11]
  • Jaygah-e Shawra dar Intikhab-e Hakim-e Islami[12]
  • Fursatha-ye Mawj-e Siwwum, Karkardha-ye 'Amm-e Rahbari-ye Ma'nawi dar Jahan[13]
  • Khastgah-e Mashru'iyyat-e Qudrat[14]
  • Ithbat-e Wilayat-e Faqih dar Partuw-e 'Aql wa Qur'an[15]
  • Wilayat-e Mutlaqi-ye Faqih-e Mawrid-e Ijma'[16]
  • Andishi-ye Siyasi-ye Inqilab-e Islami[17]
  • Rahbari-ye Ma'nawi dar Jahan-e Imruz[18]
  • Ilzamat-e Fiqh-e Siyasi (in cooperation with Muhammad Jawad Arasta)[19]
  • Jaygah-e Mardum dar Nizam-e Hukumati-ye Islam az Didgah-e Imam Khumayni[20]
  • Jaygah-e Mardum dar Nizam-e Hukumati-ye Islam[21]
  • Tadwin-e Hanjarha-ye Hukumat-e Islami[22]
  • 'Aql dar Ighma', Faribha-ye 'Ilmi wa Mafrudat-e Makhfi-ye 'Ulum-e Insani-ye Gharb[23]
  • Ahang-e Shitaban-e Bazsazi-ye Hawza, Paywand-e Du Nasl-e Guzashtah wa Ayandah, Hawza-ye 'Ilmiyah ra Ihya' Mikunad[24]
  • Jiddiyat, Pazhuhish-e Mustamar, Tadabbue[25]
  • Nazari Kutah bar Junbish-e Nawandishi-ye Dini dar Hawzaha-ye 'Ilmi-ye Iran dar Nimi-ye Duwwum-e Qarn-e Bistum[26]
  • Jami'iyyat-e Shakhsiyat-e Imam Khumayni[27]
  • Zindigi-ye Mushtarak-e Zan wa Mard bidun-e 'Aqd wa Izdiwaj[28]
  • Shahid Sadr wa Ihyagari dar Hawza-ye Najaf[29]
  • Haqiqat-e Idrak wa Marahil-e An dar Falsafi-ye Mulla Sadra[30]
  • Aya Ikhtiyar ba Qanun-e 'Illiyyat Nasazgar Ast?[31]
  • Huwiyyat Sazi-ye 'Ishq wa Nifrat[32]
  • Muhtaj-e Nigah-e Dubari'im[33]
  • Rawish-e Istinbat-e Qawa'id-e Tanzimi dar Andishi-ye Shahid Sadr (in cooperation with Amin 'Abidinijad Dawarani)[34]
  • Mahiyyat-e Pishraft-e Islami wa Lawazim-e Tahlili-ye An(in cooperation with Amin 'Abidinijad Dawarani)[35]
  • Naqsh-e Tahawwulat-e Ijtima'i dar Nazariyyat-e Fiqhi[36]
  • Sazmandihi-ye Hawza wa Marja'iyyat[37]
  • Shams dar Ash'ar-e Mawlana[38]
  • Shams bi Riwayat-e Shams[39]
  • Naqsh-e Tahawwulat-e Ijtima'i dar Nazariyyat-e Fiqhi[40]
  • Guft wa Gu-ye Tamaddunha,Chist?Chira?Chigunah?[41]
  • Islam wa 'Ilm al-Ijtima': Wahdat wa Tarakum-e Iradaha[42]
  • Bunyad-e 'Ilmu al-Ijtima'-e Islami Chist?[43]

In Arabic

  • Al-'Irfan al-eslami al-Asil 'Ala Daw' al-Ma'arif al-Sajjadiyah[44]
  • Aliyat al-Tabligh fi 'Ashura al-Husayn[45]
  • Al'idalah, Mafhumuha wa Haqiqatuha wa Turuq Ithbatuha[46]
  • Al-Farq bayn 'Ulum al-Qur'an[47]
  • Al-Qur'an al-Karim:Nazarah fi Tarikh 'Ulumih wa Asma'ih[48]
  • Al-Qur'an al-Karim:Ahammiyah Dawrahu wa Kayfiyyah al-Ta'amul ma'ah[49]
  • Kayf Nazal al-Qur'an?[50]
  • Fiqh al-Hajj fi Darasah al-estidlaliyyah Muqaranah Hajj al-Sibyan
  • Al-emam al-Sadr wa Mashari' al-Nahdah fi al-Fikr al-eslami[51]
  • Hukm al-Mu'atat fi al-Nikah[52]
  • Al-Ta'ayush bayn al-Jinsayn[53]
  • Al-Turath al-Thiqafi fi al-Fiqh al-eslami[54]
  • Al-Jara'im al-Sahyuni 'la Daw' Bayan al-Qa'id[55]
  • Al-Shahid al-Sadr wa al-Munjaz al-Fikri wa al-Hadari[56]

Founded Academic Centers

In 1987, Ayatollah Muhsin Araki with support from hawza scholars founded Majma' al-Fikr al-Islami; an assembly that had several important activities such as publishing a complete series of works by Shaykh Murtada al-Ansari, reviving works of Shi'a scholars and also publishing journal of al-Fikr al-Islami.

Under his directions, these centers were established in Britain:

  • Islamic College for Advanced Studies, Oxford Academy.
  • University of Cambridge Center for Shi'a Studies.
  • University of Bristol Center for Shi'a Studies.
  • University of SOAS Center for Islamic and Science Cooperation.
  • Jama'at al-'Ulama al-Muslimin fi Britania (Community for Muslim Scholars in Britain).

Cultural Activities

After the success of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1979, Ayatollah Araki was sent to Ahvaz, Khorramshahr and Abadan by Imam Khomeini's office. In the year 1979, he established the first religious seminary of Khorramshahr and also founded the al-Taw'iyah al-Islamiyah Center (cultural center of Islamic awareness) in that city.

During his ten-year residence in Britain he took on a variety of activities. The following is a list of his cultural activities:

  • Establishment of the Islamic Center of England in London;
  • Establishment of Sakina Trust Islamic Center in East London;
  • Establishment of Islamic Mosque of Crawley in London;
  • Establishment of Islamic Center of Manchester;
  • Establishment of Islamic Center of Birmingham;
  • Establishment of Islamic Center of Newcastle;
  • Establishment of Islamic Center of Cardiff;
  • Establishment of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) Islamic Center of Glasgow;
  • Establishment of Educational and Cultural Complex of Iranians in London;
  • Establishment of the Spring Institute (for reverts to Islam);
  • Establishment of Fajr Youth Foundation;
  • Establishment of Muslim Women's Institute.

On a global level, he has also held cultural activities, including several scientific and religious gatherings in England, such as:

  • Conference on the dialogue of civilizations (Islamic Center of England);
  • Conference on the research and analysis of terrorism (Islamic Center of England);
  • Conference on the culture and civilization of Islamic Iran (Islamic Center of England);
  • Conference on new ideas in Imam Khomeini's thought (University of London);
  • Conference on world reformer in heavenly revealed Religions;
  • Conference on research of the thoughts and ideas of Jalaluddin Muhammad Rumi.

He can also be credited with publishing several magazines and periodicals in different languages like English, Persian, Arabic and Urdu. These magazines were published for the Islamic Center of England.

Socio-Political Activities

Prior to the 1979 Iranian revolution, he was associated with Imam Khomeini's religious office and had been active in publishing declarations and works of Imam Khomeini, including the book on Islamic Government, in Iraq.

He was also a serious student who actively participated in the lectures of the Martyred Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr. Moreover, as a result of educating Iraqi youths about the system of domination and imparting an increased insight into the establishment of an Islamic state based on the revolutionary ideals of Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, he was wanted by the Ba'athist regime. As a result, he was forced to live secretly for about a year. After migrating to Qom in the year 1975, he was summoned and interrogated several times by SAVAK, the secret police, domestic security and intelligence service in Iran during the reign of the Pahlavi dynasty. At the height of the revolution in 1978, he intensified his political activities against the oppressive regime of the Shah. He led the 1979 'Ashura Protests in the city of Arak, and delivered speeches and participated in other revolutionary activities.

After the success of the Islamic revolution of Iran, some of his activities are as follow:

  • Serving as the Shari'a ruler of Abadan and Khorramshahr;
  • Incharge of Islamic revolutionary tribunals in Khuzistan Province;
  • Presidency of the Department of Justice of Khuzistan Province;
  • ًRepresentative of Imam Khomeini in Dezful;
  • Imam of Friday Prayer in Dezful;
  • A member of the Council of Experts for three terms;

After returning from his mission in Britain as the representative of the Leader Ayatollah Khamenei and resuming his activities in Iran, through a decree he was nominated by the Leader of the Islamic Revolution to the High Council of the World Assembly for the Proximity of Islamic Religions. He was later appointed by Ayatollah Khamenei as the Secretary General of the same organization. He was also appointed to the High Council of the World Assembly of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and served as its Vice-President, the secretary of the Council, as well as the head of the Assembly. He is also a member of the Board of Trustees of Al-Mustafa International University.

External Links

References

  1. ↑ Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom
  2. ↑ The Office of Ayatollah Mohsen Araki
  3. ↑ a certification in Shi'a Seminary that indicates one's capability in deducing religious rulings from Islamic sources.
  4. ↑ Website of Andishvaran (Persian)
  5. ↑ Official Website of Majma al-Fikr al-eslami (Persian)
  6. ↑ Ahl al-Bayt (a) Portal (Persian)
  7. ↑ Iran Journals Information Center (aka: Magiran) (Persian)
  8. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  9. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  10. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  11. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  12. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  13. ↑ Iran Journals Information Center (aka: Magiran) (Persian)
  14. ↑ Iran Journals Information Center (aka: Magiran) (Persian)
  15. ↑ Iran Journals Information Center (aka: Magiran) (Persian)
  16. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  17. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  18. ↑ Iran Journals Information Center (aka: Magiran) (Persian)
  19. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  20. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  21. ↑ Portal of Ensani (Persian)
  22. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  23. ↑ Iran Journals Information Center (aka: Magiran) (Persian)
  24. ↑ Iran Journals Information Center (aka: Magiran) (Persian)
  25. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  26. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  27. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  28. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  29. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  30. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  31. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  32. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  33. ↑ Iran Journals Information Center (aka: Magiran) (Persian)
  34. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  35. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  36. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  37. ↑ Official Website of Hawza (Persian)
  38. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  39. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  40. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  41. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  42. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  43. ↑ Noormags (Persian)
  44. ↑ Iran Journals Information Center (aka: Magiran) (Arabic)
  45. ↑ Iran Journals Information Center (aka: Magiran) (Arabic)
  46. ↑ Fiqahat School Libraray (Arabic)
  47. ↑ Noormags (Arabic)
  48. ↑ Noormags (Arabic)
  49. ↑ Noormags (Arabic)
  50. ↑ Noormags (Arabic)
  51. ↑ Nusus Mu'asira Journal (Arabic)
  52. ↑ Fiqahat School Libraray (Arabic)
  53. ↑ Fiqahat School Libraray (Arabic)
  54. ↑ Fiqahat School Libraray (Arabic)
  55. ↑ Iran Journals Information Center (aka: Magiran) (Arabic)
  56. ↑ Iran Journals Information Center (aka: Magiran) (Arabic)
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